Women’s Economic Empowerment in Saudi Arabia and Its Contribution to National Output and Income, 2015–2025
الكلمات المفتاحية:
Female entrepreneurship; female labor force participation; Vision 2030; GDP contribution; Women’s economic empowermentالملخص
The paper aims to evaluate the effects the economic empowerment of women had on the
national output and income in Saudi Arabia between the years 2015 and 2025. During this
period, Vision 2030 implemented various economic reforms that improved the mobility and
access to workplaces, as well as providing legal support to Saudi Arabian women. The research
uses data from various sources, including administrative labor data, national accounts,
household surveys, and sector-level productivity indicators, to perform various regression
models, such as province-level panel regressions, difference-in-differences, and counterfactual
growth simulations. The results show that economic empowerment had a significant impact on
the national output and income in Saudi Arabia, particularly in sectors such as services,
healthcare, education, and retail. The research also indicates that narrowing the gender gap can improve economic growth and that household incomes and the share of income earned by
women have improved significantly.
