الوظيفة النحوية والدلالية ل (ما ) وترددها بين الاسمية والحرفية

الملخص

This study aimed to elucidate the grammatical and semantic function of the word "ma" in Arabic,
revealing its categories and types, and clarifying the differences between its nominal and nominal
uses in light of linguistic context and contextual clues. The study also sought to clarify the impact
of context on determining the nature of "ma" and its grammatical and semantic function, while
examining its most prominent forms in Qur'anic texts and poetic and grammatical examples. The
study's significance stems from its focus on a linguistic tool that is among the most diverse and
widely used in Arabic, as its functions are numerous, including negation, interrogation, condition,
exclamation, and relative clause, among others. This makes it highly influential in understanding
grammatical and semantic structures. Furthermore, the study contributes to highlighting the
relationship between grammatical structure and semantic context in Arabic. The study adopted a
descriptive-analytical approach, tracing the uses of "ma" in classical and modern grammar
books, analyzing Qur'anic and poetic examples, and utilizing relevant grammatical and linguistic
sources and references. The study reached several conclusions, most notably that the noun (ma) is
determined to be either a noun or a particle depending on its context and accompanying linguistic
clues. It is a shared term that performs multiple grammatical and semantic functions, and it may
produce a grammatical effect in some constructions while rendering them inoperative in others.
The study emphasized that context is a fundamental factor in shaping meaning and determining
the grammatical function of (ma). The study recommended further research into the meanings and
various uses of (ma) in Arabic, and conducting comparative studies with its counterparts in other
Semitic languages, while paying attention to the semantic and contextual aspects of grammatical
analysis.